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Alhucemas landing
The Alhucemas landing (also known as Al Hoceima landing) was a military landing on 8 September 1925 at Alhucemas of the Spanish Army and Navy and, in lesser numbers, an allied French contingent, that would put an end to the Rif War. It is considered the first aeronaval landing in history.
The operations consisted on disembarking a force of 13,000 Spanish soldiers transported from Ceuta and Melilla by a combined Spanish-French naval fleet. The commander of the operation was the then "Military Director" of Spain, general Miguel Primo de Rivera, and, as the executive head of the landing forces at the beach of Alhucemas bay, general José Sanjurjo, under whose orders were the columns of the chief generals of the brigades of Ceuta and Melilla, Leopoldo Saro Marín and Emilio Fernández Pérez, respectively. Among the participating officers, there was the then colonel Francisco Franco who, for his leadership of the Legion troops, was promoted to brigadier general. Years later, US general Dwight Eisenhower thoroughly studied the tactics used by the Spanish in Alhucemas to draw up the plan for the Normandy landings.
==Background==
After the disaster of Annual, the Spanish army was unable to regain lost territory. Therefore, a containment policy was taken, aimed at preventing the expansion of the rebel zone, executed by limited military actions of local nature. In parallel, the Minister of War ordered the creation of an investigative commission, led by General Juan Picasso González, which developed the report known as ''Expediente Picasso'', while political forces, public opinion and even the army were divided between supporters of leaving the Protectorate and advocates of restarting the military operations as soon as possible.
In September 1923, the insurrection of general Primo de Rivera occurred, who at first supported the abandonment of the Protectorate but, in 1924 and after new attacks by Abd el Krim that required a new Spanish retreat to the areas of Tetuan, Ceuta and Melilla, became a strong supporter of going on the offensive to defeat the Riffian leader and restoring Spanish authority in the Protectorate.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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